System of electrical distribution



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. O. B. SHALLENBERGER. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

No. 550,355. Patented Nov. 25, 1895.

ANDREW B GRAHAM,PHOTUU'IHQWASHINGTONJ C.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet '2.

- 0. B. SHALLENBERGER.

SYSTEM OF ELEGTRIGAL DISTRIBUTION.

No. 550,355. Patented Nov. 26, 1895.

d v .5 w a v 2 L a I HM 4f 2 S d 1 2 I WW AN DREW aoRAnAMJHOTO-UTHO WASHINGTON n C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OLIVER B. SIIALLENBERGER, OF ROCHESTER, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO THE IVESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COM- PANY, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 550,355, dated November 26, 1895.

Application filed October 12, 1886. Serial No. 215,998. (No model.)

To (Z5 whom it may concern: ters are connected in series with each other.

Be it known that I, OLIVER B. SHALLEN- The two terminals are then connected by con- BERGER, a citizen of the United States, reductors 1 and 2, respectively, with two main siding in Rochester, in the county of Beaver conductors to and a of a three-wire system.

and State of Pennsylvania, have invented The third orneutral conductor a is connected certain new and useful Improvements in Sysby a conductor 3 with the conductor 4, jointoms of Electrical Distribution, of which the ing the two coils s and s. The translating following is a specification. devices 0 and c are connected in circuit be- The invention relates especially to the class tween the conductors leading from the mains 10 of circuits and apparatus employed for util a, a, and a in the usual manner. When an izing alternating electric currents for electric equal number of lamps are 011 both sides of lighting and similar purposes. the system, no current passes through the It is customary to supply an alternating neutral wire to nor the conductor 3, leading current from a generator of suitable characthereto. If, now, all the lights upon one side I 5 ter and conduct it through one or more pairs of the system-whose, for instance, between 6 5 of leads or feeders to points near where it is the conductors to and a'should be turned off, to be utilized and there convert it into a simiwhile all those between the conductors to and la-r current of different potential. This con- (4 remained in circuit, then the secondary verted current is then delivered upon main coils would still supply the current necessary 20 conductors and employed in operating suitto operate the latter devices, its operation not able translating devices, such, for instance, as being affected to any practical extent by the reincandescent electric lights. moval of the circuit connections of the sec- The object of this invention is to make it ondary coils. If, instead of withdrawing all possible to extend the secondary conductors the translating devices 0, only aportion were to greater distances from the converter-stawithdrawn, then the excess of current necestions, and thus reduce the number of such sary to operate the devices 0 would be supstations and the feeders required, and to do plied through the neutral conductor 3.

this without increasing the size of the main It is desirable in extended systems that the conductors to an undesirable extent. To accurrents should be supplied to the mains to a 0 complish this the converters are grouped and a at different points along their lengths, as connected in the system in a peculiar manner, thereby the potential is more readily equalas will. be described in connection with the ized throughout the system. Other converaccompanying drawings, in which ters arranged in pair C C' and C C may Figure 1 illustrates the general organizatherefore be placed at the proper points.

35 tion ofapparatusina diagrammaticform, and These have their primary coils in this in- Fig. 2 illustrates an extension of the system. stance all included in multiplearc circuit Fig. illustrates a modification. with supply conductors or leads (I d, which Referring to Fig. 1, M represents a suitable are derived from the conductors 1 1. The source of alternating or intermittent electric secondary coils of the two pairs are connected 4o currents, and it may be either a single generwith. the mains a, a, and a in the manner deator or a group of the same. One pole of the scribed with reference to the converters C and source is connected with the conductor 1 and C. Now as it may be desired to raise or lower the other with the corresponding conductor 1. the potential toward either end of the mains These two conductors represent merely the without varying that existing at the other, re-

4 5 respective poles of the generator. Two inducsistances are placed in the supply conductors 5 tion-coils or electric converters C and C have or leads (I and (Z and by varying the amount their respective primary coils p and 2) conof resistance thus in circuit the potential at nected in multiple are with these conductors the terminal of the corresponding primaries by leads or supply-conductors cl and d. The may be varied. A convenient form of resist- 50 secondary coils s and s of these two converance consists of an induction coil or converter I oo G, having its primary coil 9 in the conductor (Z, and the terminals of the secondary coil it connected through an adjustable resistance y. By adjusting the resistance in the secondary the potential at the terminals of the primary coil may be varied. A similar resistance device G is inserted in the lead (1 An entirely independent system of translating devices 0 0 may be included in circuit between conductors a a and a supplied from converters O and 0 These have their primary coils connected in multiple arc with the conductors 1 and 1 in the manner described with reference to the other converters.

It will be noticed that thus far the system has been described in connection with the three-wire system; but the number of wires may be indefinitely extended without material change. In Fig. 2 there is shown an or ganization in which four wires a a, a and a are employed. These are supplied by three converters O C O The secondaries of these coils are in cluded between the respective wires (0 a a a a a being connected in series. The primary coils are connected in multiple arc with the leads (Z and d. The operation of this organization is similar to that already described.

Instead of having two distinct converters C and C the construction shown in Fig. 3 may be adopted. In this instance a single primary coil 19 is placed upon the core 0 and connected in circuit with the conductors (Z and d. The secondary coil is constructed in two sections 5 and s. A single continuous conductor constitutes these two sections, and the middle point 4 is connected by the conductor 3 with the neutral wire a. The outer terminals are connected by the conductors 1 and 2 with the lines a and a respectively. The regulation secured is similar to the case when two separate converters are employed. Its working depends upon the fact that the distribution of potential on a converter-coil under constant electromotive force is independent of the resistance in circuit between any two points within its working limits. The working limits are those within which the resist ance of the coil forms an inappreciable part of the total resistance of the work circuit.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination with a three-wire system of translating devices, of electric converters consisting of stationary bodies of inductive material and stationary primary and secondary coils of insulated wire, such conver ters having their secondary coils connected in series with each other, their free terminals being respectively connected with the positive and negative wires of the system and their remaining terminals with the neutral wire, and a source of alternating or intermittent currents of electricity with which the primary coils are connected in multiple arc.

2. The combination of a three-wire system of electrical distribution, two converters each consisting of a stationary body of inductive material and stationary primary and secondary conductors applied thereto, such converters having their secondary coils connected in series with each other and with the positive and negative conductors, a connection from the neutral conductor with the terminals of the secondary coils and means for transmitting alternate or intermittent electric currents through. the primary coils.

3. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a source of alternating or intermittent currents, of supply conductors connected therewith in multiple arc and one or more groups of electric converters having their primary coils connected in multiple arc with said supply conductors and their secondary coils connected in series with. each other and with the main conductors of the system, a third or neutral conductor connected with a neutral point in the group or groups of converters and translating devices connected between the ncutral conductor and each supply conductor, substantially as described.

4. The combination with three conductors, of the translating devices included in multiple are between one of the conductors and the other two conductors, a converter consisting of a stationary mass of soft-iron and stationary primary and secondary coils applied thereto electrical connection s between the ter minals of the secondary coil and said two conductors respectively, a connection between the remaining conductor and an intermediate point in the secondary coil, and a source of alternating or intermittent electric currents supplying the primary coil of the converter.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 28th day of September,

OLIVER B. SHALLENBERGER. lVitnesses-z A. L. REINMANN, \V. B. CoRwIN. 

